Background
The avalanche hazard causes the high number of accidents victims.http://www.asahi.com/national/jiji/JJT201012020041.html
http://sankei.jp.msn.com/affairs/news/110107/dst11010715540035-n1.htm
Purpose
By detecting area with high risk of avalanche, we can held the avalanche damage to a minimum.Risk map is efficient way to publish potential hazards of mountains.
1. Detect Avalanche cases by Remote Sensing
2. Calculate Valleys(Catchment Areas) in high risk
3. Publish as mobile application
Study Flow
Data
DEM: 国土地理院基盤地図情報 数値標高モデル cell size 10mhttp://fgd.gsi.go.jp/download/
Vegetation: 環境省 第6回・第7回自然環境保全基礎調査 3次メッシュ
http://www.biodic.go.jp/kiso/gisddl/gisddl_f.html
Study Area
Mt TokachiHida Mountains
[googlemaps http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=216302135604430693112.00049ba9b84d22226b8b4&ll=36.289391,137.648124&spn=0.203813,0.528374&t=h&output=embed&w=425&h=350]
Method
1. Detect Avalanche cases by Remote Sensinghttp://www2.ocn.ne.jp/~ynhida/chat/chat/anagenadare.htm
2. Calculate Valleys(Catchment Areas) in high risk
Calculate flow direction from DEM using ArcHydro tools in ESRI ArcGIS.
Divide mountains into catchment areas.
Result
http://www.flickr.com/photos/koitaroh/5424531106/in/photostream/Web-GIS
http://astro6.sfc.keio.ac.jp/AvalancheTokachi/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/koitaroh/5424531324/in/photostream/
Ushiro-Tateyama
http://www.flickr.com/photos/koitaroh/5423931079/in/photostream/
Hotaka
http://www.flickr.com/photos/koitaroh/5423931281/in/photostream/
Tsurugi
http://www.flickr.com/photos/koitaroh/5423931477/in/photostream/
References
“Development of Snow Avalanche Forecasting System in Japan” Kouichi Nishimura, Hiroyuki Hirashima, Satoru Yamaguchi, Kenji Kosugi, Atsushi Sato, Kaoru Izumi, Keisuke Suzuki, Masaaki Hanaoka and Michael LehningEckerstorfer. Cartographic Analysis of Avalanche Hazard Maps. (2008) pp. 1-8
KRIZ. Using GIS and 3D Modeling for Avalanche Hazard Mapping. (2005) pp. 1-6
Huggel. Assessment of glacial hazards based on remote sensing and GIS modeling. Citeseer (2004)
Noetzli et al. GIS-based modelling of rock-ice avalanches from Alpine permafrost areas. Computational Geosciences (2006)
Schäuble et al. A GIS-based method to calculate flow accumulation by considering dams and their specific operation time. Computers & geosciences (2008)
大澤範一 and 福嶋祐介. 三次元地形を考慮した火砕流及び煙型雪崩のモデル化と数値シミュレータの開発. (2003)